GMAT Sentence Correction (SC) | Re: Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array

"With" usually describes how or using what tools/means/persons an action was performed. When "with" is preceded by a comma, it usually modifies the preceding clause (indicating "how" the action was performed) or the subject ("who else" did the subject perform the action with?).

So the possibilities with B are:
1. How does the array of buoys collect and transmit data?--by using the interactions affecting global climate.
2. Who/what else collects and transmits
...

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