Yes. The comparison is between two clauses/actions: Melting ice cubes do not cause a glass of water to overflow. In the same way, melting sea ice does not increase oceanic volume.
Consider this sentence: The flowers that are red look good.
The "that" identifies a subset of all flowers--those that are red.
So you can condense "that are red" and rephrase the sentence:
The[red] flowers look good.
In D, the "that" in "melting ice cubes that do not cause
...
Consider this sentence: The flowers that are red look good.
The "that" identifies a subset of all flowers--those that are red.
So you can condense "that are red" and rephrase the sentence:
The[red] flowers look good.
In D, the "that" in "melting ice cubes that do not cause
...


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