GMAT Sentence Correction (SC) | Past Perfect vs Present Perfect in Official Guide

A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctorshad elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face



Reporting that one of its many problems had been the
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