GMAT Reading Comprehension (RC) | Re: The debt crisis affecting many developing countries has had

I figured it out! There was also an explanation on beatthegmat.

So there's a problem with the usage of short-term in E. By saying there was a "short-term increase in loan maturity" the answer choice is saying that the loan maturity has been initially extended, but only for a little while, after which it will be restricted again. The passage states the maturity was extended, but says nothing about a long extension or a short extension, or about the reversal of this extension later.

In
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