My reason for elimination-
Upon their first encountering leaf-cutting ants in South America, the insects seemed to some Europeans tobe carrying bits of greenery to shade themselves from the tropical sun—hence the sobriquet “parasolants.”
A) Upon their first encountering leaf-cutting ants in South America, the insects seemed to some Europeans tobe
-> I think there is no modifier error here, since its a prepositional phrase modifying the clause that insects seemed to some Europeans
...
Upon their first encountering leaf-cutting ants in South America, the insects seemed to some Europeans tobe carrying bits of greenery to shade themselves from the tropical sun—hence the sobriquet “parasolants.”
A) Upon their first encountering leaf-cutting ants in South America, the insects seemed to some Europeans tobe
-> I think there is no modifier error here, since its a prepositional phrase modifying the clause that insects seemed to some Europeans
...


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