GMAT Sentence Correction (SC) | Re: Scientists calculated that the asteroid, traveling at 46,000

A tough question. I guess sometimes in SC questions, you have to go by the way a sentence 'sounds'.

Option A can be ruled out because 'that' modifies the noun before it and path cannot orbit the sun.
Option E can be ruled out because 'that' has no proper antecedent.
Option C sounds awkward and there is no proper antecedent for 'it'.
Option D seems to be a run-on sentence, 'regularly bringing' seems to be establishing an unnecessary parallelism.

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