I solved this SC by moving phrasesaround:
Ethnicity is a worldwide phenomenon of increasing importance contrary to the scholarly wisdom of the 1950’s and early 1960’s that predicted the processes of modernization and rationalizationwould gradually undermine it.
(A) would gradually undermine it --> CORRECT. By moving phrases around, we can see that there's no ambiguity and sentence makes sense as it currently stands.
(B) to be a gradual undermining of it
(C) would be a gradual undermining
...
Ethnicity is a worldwide phenomenon of increasing importance contrary to the scholarly wisdom of the 1950’s and early 1960’s that predicted the processes of modernization and rationalizationwould gradually undermine it.
(A) would gradually undermine it --> CORRECT. By moving phrases around, we can see that there's no ambiguity and sentence makes sense as it currently stands.
(B) to be a gradual undermining of it
(C) would be a gradual undermining
...
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