The Persian invasion of 480 BC, led by the Persian king himself, was perhaps one of the darkest hours ever faced by the ancient Greeks. Xerxes, with an army numbering in the hundreds of thousands supported by a fleet said by Herodotus to include 1,200 ships, threatened to overrun all Greece. As Xerxes advanced, the Delphic oracle prophesied disaster for both Athens and Sparta, the city-states upon whose strength and leadership the survival of the Greek world depended. Such oracles, often dismissed
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