Options A, B, and C are out because of the usage of "are" and"have".
Between options D & E, it boils down to these two words - "Affect" and "Effect".
"Affect " -- To make an impact. Ex."His bad preparation will affect his GMAT score."
"Effect " -- Result of an action. Ex. "Effect of his bad preparation was visible in GMAT score. quot;
Thus, with the intended meaning of the stimulus, option E is right.
...
Between options D & E, it boils down to these two words - "Affect" and "Effect".
"Affect " -- To make an impact. Ex."His bad preparation will affect his GMAT score."
"Effect " -- Result of an action. Ex. "Effect of his bad preparation was visible in GMAT score. quot;
Thus, with the intended meaning of the stimulus, option E is right.
...
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