Sentence Correction (SC) | Re: Defying efforts by policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic at restr

Choices A, B, and C use the wrong idiom ‘effort at restraining’; the correct idiom is ‘effort to restrain’.
Also, choice A has no verb at all in the overall sentence.

B is wrong because "to reach" should be "reaching" to represent the result of the action in the preceding clause (cause-effect). B is also wrong because the "it" in the first phrase refers to "rise" in the following clause (misplaced modifier).

C is wrong because it uses ‘and
...

---