A regimen of intrauterine AZT (zidovudine) as a means of reducing the chances of HIV transmission from mother to child was first described in a study known as Protocol 076, the results of which were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in November 1994. The trial found that administration of AZT to HIV-positive women during pregnancy and delivery, and to their babies after birth, reduced the transmission of HIV to the infants by two thirds, compared with a placebo. The study was acclaimed
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